EYE DISEASE
Introduction
Eye diseases encompass a wide range of conditions that affect the health and functioning of the eyes. These conditions can impact various parts of the eye, including the cornea, retina, optic nerve, and surrounding tissues. Some eye diseases are relatively minor and easily treatable, while others can lead to significant vision loss or even blindness if left untreated. Refractive errors include myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism (distorted vision at all distances), and presbyopia that occurs between age 40–50 years (loss of the ability to focus up close, inability to read letters of the phone book, need to hold newspaper farther away to see clearly) .
Cause Of Eye Disease
Genetics:
Many eye diseases have a genetic component, meaning they can run in families. Conditions like glaucoma,
age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinitis pigmentosa often have genetic predispositions.
Age:
The risk of developing certain eye diseases increases with age. Conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma,
and AMD are more prevalent among older adults.
Environmental Factors:
Exposure to certain environmental factors can contribute to the development of eye diseases. For
example, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun can increase the risk of developing
cataracts and AMD. Similarly, exposure to pollutants, chemicals, and irritants can lead to conditions
like dry eye syndrome and conjunctivitis.
Underlying Health Conditions:
Some systemic health conditions can affect the eyes and increase the risk of developing eye diseases.
Diabetes, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, and thyroid disorders are examples of conditions that can
impact eye health and contribute to diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy,
uveitis, and thyroid eye disease.
Lifestyle Factors:
Certain lifestyle choices can impact eye health and contribute to the development of eye diseases.
Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, and lack of exercise can
increase the risk of conditions like AMD, cataracts, and glaucoma.
Infections:
Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can affect different parts of the eye, leading to conditions such
as conjunctivitis, keratitis, and endophthalmitis. Poor hygiene, contact lens misuse, and exposure to
contaminated water or surfaces can increase the risk of eye infections.
